Urology & Andrology

1. Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP): Surgical removal or resection of prostate tissue to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or relieve urinary obstruction.
2. Prostatectomy: Surgical removal of the prostate gland, typically performed for prostate cancer. Types of prostatectomy include open, laparoscopic, and robot-assisted (robotic) prostatectomy.
3. Nephrectomy: Surgical removal of a kidney. It may be performed for conditions such as kidney cancer, kidney donation, severe kidney infection, or kidney disease.
4. Cystectomy: Surgical removal of the bladder, often performed for bladder cancer. In some cases, the removal of nearby lymph nodes and organs, such as the prostate or uterus, may also be necessary.
5. Pyeloplasty: Surgical reconstruction or repair of a blocked or narrowed renal pelvis (the area where the kidney connects to the ureter), commonly done for ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction.
6. Ureteroscopy: Minimally invasive procedure to visualize and treat conditions in the ureter or kidney using a thin, flexible tube called a ureteroscope. It is used for stone removal, biopsy, or treatment of strictures.
7. Lithotripsy: Non-invasive or minimally invasive procedures to break kidney or ureteral stones into smaller pieces. This can be done through extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), laser lithotripsy, or percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).
8. Vasectomy: Surgical male sterilization procedure that involves cutting or blocking the vas deferens, preventing sperm from reaching the semen.
9. Circumcision: Surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis, typically performed for medical, cultural, or religious reasons.
10. Orchiectomy: Surgical removal of one or both testicles, often performed for testicular cancer, advanced prostate cancer, or transgender surgery.
11. Penile Implant Surgery: Surgical placement of a penile prosthesis to treat erectile dysfunction when other treatments have failed.
12. Urethral Sling Surgery: Surgical placement of a sling to treat stress urinary incontinence in women.
13. Bladder Suspension Procedures: Surgical procedures to treat urinary incontinence or bladder prolapse, such as a retropubic or transobturator sling procedure.
14. Testicular Biopsy: Surgical procedure to remove a small sample of testicular tissue for diagnostic purposes, such as evaluating fertility or investigating the cause of male infertility.

It’s important to note that the specific surgeries performed by urologists may vary depending on the individual’s condition, the urologist’s expertise, and the available resources and technology in a particular healthcare setting. Andrology is a medical specialty that focuses on the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disorders related to the male reproductive system and men’s sexual health. It encompasses various aspects of male reproductive health, including infertility, sexual dysfunction, hormonal disorders, and conditions affecting the testes, prostate, and other male reproductive organs.

Andrologists are physicians who specialize in andrology and provide comprehensive care for male patients. They are trained in both medical and surgical management of male reproductive disorders.

Common areas of focus in andrology include:

1. Male Infertility: Andrologists evaluate and treat infertility in men, which may involve assessing sperm quality and quantity, identifying the underlying causes of infertility, and providing appropriate treatment options such as assisted reproductive techniques or surgical interventions.
2. Erectile Dysfunction: Andrologists diagnose and manage erectile dysfunction, a condition characterized by the inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual activity. Treatment approaches may include lifestyle modifications, medications, vacuum erection devices, or surgical procedures like penile implants.
3. Hormonal Disorders: Andrologists address hormonal imbalances in men, including low testosterone (hypogonadism) and other endocrine disorders that affect male reproductive health. They may prescribe hormone replacement therapy or recommend lifestyle modifications to optimize hormone levels.
4. Male Sexual Dysfunction: Andrologists assess and treat various sexual disorders in men, such as premature ejaculation, delayed ejaculation, and low libido. Treatment options may include counseling, behavioral therapy, medications, or a combination of approaches.
5. Testicular Disorders: Andrologists diagnose and manage conditions affecting the testes, such as testicular torsion, testicular cancer, testicular pain, and testicular atrophy. Treatment may involve surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or other appropriate interventions.
6. Prostate Health: Andrologists monitor and address conditions related to the prostate gland, including benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate), and prostate cancer. They may perform prostate examinations, order diagnostic tests, and develop personalized treatment plans in collaboration with other specialists.
7. Male Contraception: Andrologists explore and provide options for male contraception, such as vasectomy, non-surgical methods, or investigational approaches in development.

Andrologists work closely with other healthcare professionals, including urologists, reproductive endocrinologists, andrology laboratory technicians, and psychologists, to deliver comprehensive care for male reproductive health and sexual well-being.